So this is John's third talk, so we don't need to be real verbose. John is at the U.S. Army Air Medical Research Laboratory, and he's been at Fort Rucker, soon to be called Fort Novosell, for 28 years. He was a Cobra pilot, platoon leader at Fort Campbell, battalion surgeon and combat course director at the School of Aviation Medicine, and a research scientist at the laboratory, dean of the school, and command surgeon at the Combat Readiness Center. And John, if you can't figure out from his accent where he comes from, then you need to go, I mean, he's from Boston. From Boston, that's right. So John is going to talk about vaccinations. Here you go, sir. Thank you. Once again, hopefully I'm not wearing things out. I'm trying to make this quick. Being the last one on the last late day always gets you. But it was just a tag on to Al's history lesson. What an amazing talk that he had. But besides Murray, how did Nobel come up with the concept of doing Nobel Prize? Maybe Murray doesn't know. He wanted to redeem himself. Yeah, yes. As was told by Al, his brother had gotten killed. And with that, they did an obituary that kept the wrong name in there. They put Alfred Nobel versus the brother. And he saw such terrible things written about him, thinking he created this terrible bomb and nitroglycerin that blew people up and killed people. So if you had the ability to write your own obituary and see that, what would you do? And that was his concept was that, I don't want to be known for this. This is terrible. So he then did the Nobel Prize for basic rewards in medicine as it developed. But that was kind of the stimulus of his thinking with the monies that he had from that. Because, again, he essentially read his own obituary and didn't like it. So how many of us should write our own obituaries or see it and maybe change some of our thinking or help the world change some thinking? But anyway, quick aside. OK. As I said, we're going to get on this. Vaccines will go pretty quick. But some of the objectives will be state the current approved childhood vaccines that most people accept as preventative and important. And I say most people for a reason. And I'll mention an example or two why that's heard up now over time. Name some myths and facts about COVID-19. Identify breakthrough diseases and different causes of decreased immunization and influx of unvaccinated populations. And then indicate the permanent most accepted adult vaccinations. What I have here, and I have a copy in the back, so anyone can be welcome to it. But if you go on the CDC website right now, they have all kinds of published vaccination, both for adults, infants, and adolescents. So that is out there. So 2023s are on there. It's quite extensive. Certainly, there's more comments, remarks, and footnotes that are probably about four pages besides just the graphs. And we'll go through a couple of those in a second. I have no disclosures. Most of these opinions are mine. Some are CDC's. Well, just preventing childhood diseases. Certainly, there's lots of them out there. We had a classic example up in New England when we were doing oral medicine. There was a community up there. A bunch of moms chose to get together based on some of the bad information of the studies that were done on vaccinations. What was a disease they said correlated to some of the vaccinations in the children? ADHD. ADHD. All kinds of different things. Down syndrome. So with that, again, it was bad science and false in those studies that were done. But they chose to rally and not get the pertussis and a few other vaccines in a relatively small community in Maine. Well, guess what disease became prevalent? Six children in that span of two years died from pertussis, which one in maybe a zillion would have gotten some of the diseases that this report had said. So literally six young kids in that community had died. And so sadly, that's happening today, I believe, as well. And we'll talk about that in a few minutes. Again, polio, MMR, all these are recommended in Rotary. I'm in Rotary Club up down there in Alabama. One of the things we use or say is we're this close to eliminating polio. What are some of the reasons we can't eliminate or have been over there in the Middle East and whatnot? They do not allow, the tribe leaders will not allow some of the World Health Organization or others to help vaccinate or immunize the children. So there's still areas in Afghanistan and that that we cannot get to that polio continues. And oh, by the way, there's no live key to the polio as we speak. So a lot of that, I mentioned the whooping cough already, pertussis and tetanus, all these are preventable issues correctly, increasing our longevity, wasn't necessarily from cardiac health later on. Because as we know, some of these number one killers, it was extending and keeping young children alive. But before we started with vaccination, that childhood death, sadly, I mean, families coming across country years ago in history. I mean, you'd start out with five kids. Mom and dad may not make it. The kids are on their own in kind of a wagon train scenario or three or four of the kids would be dead by the time you got to whatever your final destination was. And a lot of that was from malnutrition, disease. So with that came, again, prevention and longevity of health. Recent for the children, anyways, it's been chicken pox is kind of one of the newer ones that they've gotten. And then HPV, another one that they target an adolescent group. With the chicken pox, obviously, all of us as kids, what was the, again, no one's very young in here, which is a perfect thing, unless they were all old. But what happened when a neighbor in the neighborhood, someone had chicken pox? You got to catch together. Let's go. Let's go play over Johnny's house. So you don't get it at an inappropriate time. We all get it together. We can go on vacation this summer. And with nine kids in my family, we had lots of stuff going on. And we visited every community. So, again, those were things, again, I didn't realize until I got into medicine, chicken pox can kill people. And we kind of randomly said, let's go get this stuff. So now in children, hopefully, at least we have a vaccine. But isn't the mortality with chicken pox more in older children, adults, not so much in young children? Typically, yes, as far as the age bracket. But it does can kill. But I remember I had a good case. My sister barely had one based on that. And everyone's, I guess, based on immune or kind of exposure in that earlier, you know, had different breakouts. Yes, sir. And that's where, like, when I did my cage rotation away from home, my daughter got scolar fever, chicken pox. My wife said, why don't you just stay here? You saw more disease or would have seen more disease in the house than you were out there, you know, a month away, a month and a half. And then certainly some of the controversy of studies in that have led a lot of us, a lot of families, a lot of people to say, I'm not getting my kids into that. Luckily, the school systems kind of forced that upon you that you couldn't go to school unless you show immunization records, the yellow docket or whatever piece of paper that was on there. Important. But like I said, some school systems, depending on how energetic some of these families were, typically the mother, they have relented some and still have done that. So, again, you got chicken pox. That may have been me at one point. My mom said I had the worst case she had ever seen at that point. And then shingles, very common, related. But in children, it's less common as far as at least shingles. It can happen though. I remember I was playing at a neighbor's and went to play with a little child, probably about eight years old, kind of had him around the ribs and, you know, went to lift him up and he's yelling and screaming. I'm like, what the heck? And then dad's like, you know, he's been complaining the last day or two of rib pain. And so we looked. He said at that point, it just started a little bit of a rash, kind of unilateral along the dermatome, right along kind of the ribs and the chest area. So I said, that's shingles. He's like, no way, kids don't get it. Again, that's what we think, but they certainly can. So that's another. Kids aren't advised to get shingles. We are as adults at this point. Only 50 and above. Yes. And I've treated a number of people with 48. But, you know, and then again, that's clinical judgment, too. They may not get it paid for, but if you feel they're vulnerable or susceptible, they can get it. Okay, insurance insurance insurance coverage. Correct. That's all paid for a little bit. Right. You know, they have their process. Because we advertise all health care personnel to get it early. So you get like dentists in particular, and they can't control theirselves. That's correct. So, again, huge clinical judgment. And unfortunately, they may have to pay out of pocket based on insurance. Again, pertussis is preventable. I don't know if you've seen lately in some of the mostly women's magazines and children magazines and that that women typically would read more so than us guys. This picture, they try to induce entice us as adults, if you have grandchildren or younger children to get or we get the pertussis because it's getting very, it's in the child age again, and this getting there. But we, as adults, our immunity has waned, and they recommend we get that. So that was the first thing when my wife and I first grandchild, we both went out and got an update on our pertussis. Again, preventing adult diseases, vaccinate. I'm a believer, even in our neighborhood in that they're not necessarily medical mix of civilian military in that they always ask you your opinion. I'm sure everyone else is. Hey, what would you want to do? What do you do? I am a vaccinate candidate. I said vaccinate, vaccinate, vaccinate. Some of them don't like that. Some of them, we agree to disagree, but I get vaccinated. Shingles, again, now there's all the new vaccines. Initially, there was a single dose to shingles. Now there's one that you take one, and then you take one supposedly within 60 days. Based on supply, at least with the military, they couldn't get enough doses, get you one within the 60 days, and they kind of extended that to six months. So you do want to get that second dose. Yep. My wife reacts very strongly to most vaccines. I got shot in the arm. It was tender. So she was miserable and did not necessarily want to get the second one. I had to coerce her into it. I said, getting the one isn't any good. You got it. And so she actually acquiesced. And of course, I was the bad guy because guess what? It hurt her again, just the same. But again, important to follow up and get the second one. Well, of course, it didn't help. I saw the person giving her the vaccine, and they were using it like a dartboard. And it wasn't like it was, of course, some young soldier, and they just stabbed the heck out of you. So that didn't help. Pneumonia now as well, two shots depending on when you got it, what age they told you to get it based on your health history and things. It used to be the one shot. Now there's two. There's a variant of 21 and a 31. But they do recommend you get both. Read the details and some of the description because it does say the difference between if you got one, the initial one, you wait a year for the second one. But if you got the second one initially, then it's six months. So it's kind of a combination of time depending on which one you got for your first shot. Tetanus again. Who gets the bad rap here on tetanus? Or what object gets a bad rap on tetanus? Rusty nail. That poor little rusty nail. What the heck did that poor rusty nail ever do? Other than the process of what? Endure it is what that lives naturally. Tetanus botulinum. So you step on a nail. It gives you a perfect puncture wound. It puts bacteria perfectly in your foot, seals it up. And then guess what? It thrives and then you get it. So the poor rusty nail over time has gotten the blame. But you got to think, what's the work environment and everything else? So a lot of time workers will come in an emergency room or urgent care. And I can't remember when the last time I got my tetanus shot. OK, so what? Really, you got to look at the wound too. I was in a clean environment. Scrape myself just the one piece of metal there in the home. Do you need a tetanus shot? Probably not. But you err on the side of kind of prevention and safety. It's like, well, if you can't remember, then we're giving it here. But more than likely, they would not develop it based on the scenario and whatnot. But again, if they're out there barefoot or on flip flops, the crocks that a nail or something could easily go through and it's outside in the dirt, then they're more likely to get the disease. Again, pertussis if you have grandchildren. That's been a big campaign here of late. Then influenza. We mentioned that. Again, Al mentioned pandemic or the great influenza. Guess who did that? China did COVID-19. Go back influenza. What happened and what country is the one who kind of kicked the fool across the world? United States. What were we doing exactly at that time? Doughboys. We're taking the doughboys. We're taking people here within our own country, moving them from training spot to training spot, and then putting them on a ship, shipping them over to Europe. So if they didn't get the disease en route, they certainly got it and then brought it into Europe. And that, at least historically, some things I've read, that was a key mechanism, kind of the perfect storm. And if you want to develop a pandemic, that's how you should do it. And so we don't get direct blame, but it's certainly historically, if you look back in the procedure, that certainly is something that has occurred. Okay. Influenza. Again, vaccinate. Let's see. It's March now. Should we get vaccinated? What's the timeframe they usually recommend for a vaccination for the flu? Kind of fall-ish through. Up through at times, depending on your health, personal health, possibly all the way up to February, March. I know. We usually take a look at when is the flu, usually in different parts of the country. Florida, for example, gets a little earlier because of the migration from the north. And then midwest is generally November, October, November, before coming in, and then four months, and then it's a little bit later in a Thursday. But we always take a look and say, what is the first case report? We use CDC health, I'm sorry, state health department records, because it's a reportable disease. Then we use it in, where I would be, I would say, the best I knew was pumpkins, witches, and flu shots. On Halloween, if you carried it through the month of February, March. Certainly. And thank you, Dr. Narma. What happens too, again, it's kind of fall-ish, it's even wedged to the availability of flu shot or flu. And it's usually about that timeframe. Again, we're looking to the west as far as what's out there, what's coming potentially to this country to develop. But we usually start somewhere January, February, once we have that information. And it used to be when we only did eggs, or in eggs, that it took that long to have them ready available. Maybe mid-September, you'd be early. I mean, luckily, if it actually got there by October. And that's part of the manufacturing process. Also, kind of complemented that when you got it, where you got it. So again, certainly important to watch, monitor. Again, COVID had a huge impact. Because guess what wasn't as high during COVID from, say, 2020 up through, actually. So what happened? I see a mixed, well, I see a mixed bag. Masks, hand washing. We didn't congregate as much because we couldn't or told we shouldn't. So a lot of those things. So when that flu wasn't there, and it wasn't that you shouldn't have gotten vaccinated, it's because of a lot of other preventive issues. So you got to look at the big picture sometimes, not just look at the pure numbers. But it was out there. And yes, if you had had the flu shot, and hopefully it prevented it. Again, flu shot isn't 100%, never has been. What happens, we watch. Sometimes it's spot on. And it got at least two of the three variables that are out there for primary. Because now we've gone to a quadrivalent shot, which is kind of standard, two A's and two B's. And based on, and I'll show you here in a second in the slide, based on, again, our good scientific knowledge of what's the most prevalent coming, we try to target that accordingly. Again, sometimes we're off. But still, what does it do to you as a human, as a person, to your immune system? It boosts it. So even without having the exact same, it exposes your system, it gives you a little more ready for it. So like even COVID vaccine we'll talk about, it at least minimized your response to the disease. Hopefully it kept you out based on your prior health, out of hospitalization, and you got less of a disease. So a lot of people, what's the standard they say if they're against the flu shot? The flu shot gives me the flu. And it's like, one, no, it can't. Two, oh, by the way, have you ever really had the flu? No, I was sick and I had the runny nose and didn't feel too good. I said, well, you had a cold. The flu, I mean, I had it once I can remember. It kicked the heck out of me. I was bedridden for two or three days, achy, miserable. So that, again, is a very strong response, but that's the flu in my opinion. So having a cold is not having the flu. And oh, I had the flu same time. Oh, the flu shot didn't help. Well, you could have got exposed two days before you got the shot. And yes, it is not gonna help. And then you could still get the flu. Anyways, so lots of different arguments, same way with childhood diseases, childhood immunization. But important, I feel as a preventive medicine physician and advocate for vaccines to be a spokesperson, both in your local community, but as a physician in the military, or whatever you are to kind of at least advocate and give good knowledge to these people. Most of them want that. Nowadays, you can go anywhere and get so much information. If you wanna support this problem or issues, or you want to counteract, you can go wherever. And you have pretty good information somehow, somewhere, depending on what you watch, what you read. These are some of the rules that we'll talk about. Right now though, pretty much everyone should get at least the flu shot. This here, you're looking at influenza in 2022 key points. Once again, the red is actually now going from 2021 to 2022, which should have started, like I said, September, October of 2022. So we're kind of coming out of the more official flu season here as we're in March, 2023. But this is what they were telling you for 2022 with the flu. And not much really had changed from the 2021, even during COVID, other than this is what the vaccine was made up from going from the 21 to 2022. So again, same timeframe a year ago. And now we go forward with the 20, this is, this year is that if you've gotten it, this is what you would have gotten. And not much really had changed from that. Different cultures, again, 2A, 2B is kind of standard. A big thing for some of us getting close to 65, some of us older than 65, what's the recommended dosing for that for the flu shot? Double. Double or enhanced dose? Enhanced dose. Correct. Because they're looking at, again, knowingly our young and as we age, our immune systems get sluggish, need a little more extra boost. So they're seeing that. I know personally a lot of people community-wise, I'm not taking that, I'm just taking the regular one. I said, good, if you're taking one, I'm not gonna argue, I'm not gonna fight you for that extra little bit of dose, but please do take it. But again, that was 65 and older is what was recommended. So with, I mentioned that about no flu, this was really more the 22 season, 21 and 2022 season, where they're talking about no flu last year based on everything we'd already said. Masking, hand-washing. Again, controversial, the mask. Is that helping any? I know someone mentioned something about possibility of COVID or someone was exposed. Guess what? I don't think it works. On the airlines, what happened on the airlines? Delta, the nicest thing I had seen on the airlines was if you watched part of their whole COVID prevention, please continue to fly, they had a great video where they had a person inside the aircraft and they used a lemon for whatever reason. Oh, I'm sorry, an orange. And she was peeling an orange and they were showing their upper evacuation system how it didn't get effervesced through the cockpit or the area you were sitting, it got sucked down through the feet. And they had a worker outside with a sensor as far as sensing when she cut the orange to the point, then they get sensed through the HEPA filter system outside the aircraft. And it was like 2.2 seconds, which to me was tremendous. But also what happened over the years with the airlines, when we stopped smoking on the aircraft, what happened kind of in the aircraft itself as far as air and air circulation. You increase second shot smoking among the white bits. Yeah. But also you prevent the damage to the outflow valves when you carry, then you have to ground the aircraft to on the floor. Right. And we circulated the air less because guess what that does? It saves fuels. So anyways, by having COVID, at least it brought a better circulation throughout the aircraft and things. But you're sitting there, what do they bring to you the stewardesses still? A snack, a Coke. I personally still hate masks. So I literally, that Coke and that cookie lasted me two hours. I hated putting that thing on. And it doesn't matter because as soon as you get up, you know, once the next day has it off, I'm just snacking. So anyway, some of the things again, that's John Campbell talking on that one. So new thoughts again, masking, distancing, washing, all those helped at least to minimize some other diseases as well, i.e. especially the respiratory type flu. Again, everyone I hope got the flu shot. Maybe, I'm not gonna ask you, you can raise it if you want. But important to continue to wash and continue to ask about that. Now, something fairly new, monkey parks. Oh no, we got another parks coming. Again, something similar to and not as bad as small park, but similar looking kind of with a postural park in that. Where'd it come from? Is it another one of your war germ warfare? Don't know, it's something that was exposed. Again, a select population, or at least more prevalent in a select population, i.e. homosexual males having in the course through the anal area and whatnot. So not necessarily everybody, but still any disease like that does then migrate into the population. So if you're in an urgent care setting, emergency room settings and that, you have to at least know what it looks like and be suspect to that. Again, it's more of a select population, but it can get into every population that's out there. So you can see, you know, risk for occupational exposure and what goes on. And then as far as sex partners, you should then also check with any kind of sexually transmitted disease, should always treat the partner as well for the most part. And then there's some medications that can be used. It's like chicken pox parties 2.0 there. That's right. Well, everyone knew the answer to that one. What happens when someone in the neighborhood had chicken pox brought everyone, but this is not. Monkey pox is not the chicken pox party. It's everything's average. So here's just some COVID myths and facts. You can see what went on, what we know now retrospectively, that's gonna be with us the rest of our lives. And the idea is, how does a virus even start out in life? You know, I'm not a, you know, immunologist, bacteriologist, virologist, but if I'm a virus, I come in strong as I can, baby. I'm gonna take out everything and everyone. Well, guess what? I don't live very long in that environment. I have to preserve my host. So what do I do over time? I stick around, just get a little more, a little less intense, and my host can survive and I'm there. Okay, so we might get a runny nose, mild temperature, just like any cold at this point. And sadly, or luckily, this continues to replicate. I mean, it's, we're on, what, the fourth or fifth variant of that. And they keep getting worse and worse. Well, they get me. Yeah. But also, you know, again, we talk about experimental use, emergency use, all these different terms. Our massive public health system in this country, I think, failed us all. I think they failed the public. Just from the mixed information, the misinformation, you know, what happened, sadly, right during the political year, and all those things influenced this as a, probably a lot more preventable disease than the way it worked out. Again, you know, retrospectively, or hindsight's 20-20, but certainly I feel it should have been handled a heck of a lot different in a mass public health informational process. So then you have the three different manufacturers. Right now, Moderna's kind of, I'm sorry, J&J isn't the best. They did something being monitored. So J&J has been pulled off the market at the moment. Pfizer and Moderna are still the two prime runners. Different information about over three, and I've gotten the fourth booster. Did you vary them, get one and look for the other one just to get more or expect different response? Not any good science out there on that, other than the only thing I'd seen, I personally had gotten the three Pfizer's, and they just, oh, by the way, when they implanted it, I got the Moderna for the booster, and they said that combination mixing at that point is better than not. So I was like, and mine was pure happenstance, wasn't looking for it, but they said, if you had all the Moderna and then get the Pfizer for that booster if you can. And then CDC also has recently released, it's the COVID vaccine is going to be put in the annual recommendation for adults for COVID. And so you gotta look at that again. Do you believe in it? Don't you believe in it? And they're gonna try like the flu vaccine to be predictive of what might be coming to have that potentially in the shot. Again, truly a booster type or looking for previous and continued issues. Dr. Campbell, do you think that they could or is it possible to mix them and have a single shot for both flu and COVID? Again, not being in that world, I don't see any reason why it might not be able to happen. Some of it may be timing. They haven't mentioned the timing yet per se, other than you should get it annually. Because part of the flu, we know that season peaks during that time, but they thought maybe COVID was also gonna have a weaker period. But right now from the science, it's been kind of annual. So they haven't figured out a season per se. So again, I don't know if they could target it. Corden. Yes, sir. But they are working on a combination of the two. And you're certainly correct. The notion now becomes, what is the optimum or desirable time to administer it? We know influenza a lot more than we do COVID. Even though it has a season, COVID seems to be prevalent all the while. Yeah. So again, maybe they'll target. So yes, they're looking at that, just when and how. As I said, it used to be kind of seasonal, but also one of the drivers for the flu was just manufacturing in general. They weren't able to get it ready until then. So they may say, hey, year round now. Again, that's, I have no idea, but that could be something that might be going on. A few more again. And then what you believe in government and whatever purpose we release from China, bio-terrorism, fake news is just so much of it. What was going on? Who knows? Again, politically involved, not the best way to handle a public health issue. Very smart virus, like I said, continued to change, decreases. Again, no complete cure. A lot of different medications. Someone earlier in the lectures and stuff said something about ivermectin. Again, that's still out for study and look at. There's some antivirals that now that they're recommending. Again, based on your current health and the possibility of becoming hospitalized based on their current health. So a lot of different information. Learn those medications because there's a lot of side effects and a lot of people that cannot take it based on their current health. So those are things, again, not part of this lecture, but that we have to look in and be ready for that. And self-care for the sick, self-isolation. You know, how many days. Again, we went back and forth whether it was going to be kind of seven days, potentially the life of most viruses as we know it. You know, you kind of get a little sick starting out and by the time you finish out, it's seven days and you didn't take any medicine and you're healthy again. Or is it a full two weeks? So all those over the last two to three years are now, you know, again, there's no real answer other than they're using five to seven days. That's kind of the recommendation. This is for the childhood immunizations. Like I said, these charts come directly off the CDC website. You can see, depending on what age a child, adolescence is, certainly it's not meant to be an eye chart, but just showing you those as an example that's out there with CDC. Again, recommendation for the adults. And finally, come towards the end. COVID myths and facts. We can say, go to some of the myths. Quiz time for flu, and I've already asked quite a bit of those, kind of throughout. And any questions of me, of each other at this point, as far as vaccination immunizations and that? Well, good. Well, thank you. Good luck and stay healthy and consider getting vaccinated for either of those. Thank you. Thanks, Victor. Thanks, Alan. Thanks. Nice to meet you. I've got it. But you can put it right on your phone and you can check everything's up to date. You can go to CDC, you download it, call them back, and you charge Dr. Campbell fairly. And rather than look them up, just look them up on the phone now, and they're all searchable with an excellent, and it's a first and second. And the other thing is, is that I would mention, Dr. Campbell, thank you too. For some reason, maybe your things have it. I don't know, but a lot of us, I think we have a great set of flowcharts that are self-explanatory. If somebody misses a vaccine, how do you catch them up or how do you compensate for mixed vaccines? And Florida has some flowcharts that were very, very helpful about if you missed a second dose, when do you go back and do it first? Maybe you're state handled, I'm not sure. But I know that Florida was the best that I've seen, but I have. The other thing was, I think Dr. Campbell says as well, one of the ways, from an epidemiological standpoint, if you want to cut down the gene, the quickest and best way to do it is don't test for it. If you don't test for it, you're not going to find it. And that's, we were looking at this preliminarily, and that's what happened on the flu. People couldn't differentiate between a flu and COVID, so they never bothered to get tested for the flu and if you take a look, you see the incidence of flu went down. And it went down because they just didn't test for it. They also didn't get vaccinated for it. It goes way low, Campbell says, and that was, for my part, that was one of the bad things about it, so we generated a pool and now we've got DHT, which as you know is a medical term for deep shit trouble. That's kind of what we're looking at. Sorry, I'm sorry, Dr. Campbell. It's not a cause. There was a comment made about some years we think flu shot didn't work. I remember when this whole COVID thing was coming out, I, they first started calling it coronavirus, and I thought to myself, okay, I know I've heard of coronavirus, but I couldn't remember a whole lot about it. SARS was a government challenge. Yeah, so I went to Control Communicable Disease of Demand, MARDIS. The old read book, yeah. Yeah, you know. And so I couldn't find it alphabetically, so I went to the index, looked up the nameplate, and it gave me a page. Went there. The title was influenza, and then in the quick notes, it listed adenovirus and- Same family. Yeah, and so I went, okay, aha, this is a mild flu-like illness. Probably it's been, well, we know it's been around forever. Just most of the time, it wasn't a sphere of infection, and now it got politicalized, and then we went down the tubes. Exactly correct. But it was a little different because for some patients, it absolutely destroyed lung tissue. There's no doubt about it that the result, the terror of the thing was essentially the bodily damage that occurred, the organ damage, and we, there's 2600 patients, and we're debating how to take a look at it. I'm just perfectly candid about it. They think that there was just a little allele. Otherwise, how in effect can you explain a 24-year-old resident, perfect health, wasn't just washing down the hallway of a hospital, dropping over dead? And we think that possibly because of one thing, it can attack the coronary arteries, and we're gonna try to look at that. Getting released to the state is a little more than easy to do. But anyway, they think that part of that is, and that's some of the things we're looking at, because it's gonna be around here, the pressure of lung. Do you have something else? I'm sorry. No, no, I'm happy to keep going, but the history team for the military, they could, for the first time, be fused, be vaccinated, and we were talking about eliminating and some of the service based on that, if not, and now we're still that way. It was the kind of- I'm not sure that would be divine, because that, from a public health point of view, could be another disaster. In 1985, when I went to Fort Dix, they didn't give me the option at bootcamp to say, oh no, I don't want that shot. Don't swallow it. You're gonna make that shot out of your- Right, right. Here, swallow these tablets. What they are. Swallow them. I'm sorry. For the short thing, while we're starting with the age group again, you remember how they used to get together and decide in a conference what constituents to put in a flu shot? Yes. You know, they go over there, because it's, remember the old swine flu? You know, they started in the pig farms in China. They think that's kind of inordinate. It took such a long time to get over in the U.S. People would sit around and worry, Charlie, what do you think? I don't know. What do you think? And they kind of get together and they do this. And here we've had this history of the wrong things get put in, right? I had to go back and do the booster. You remember that. That was in the 70s. And pardon me, in the 80s. 70s and 80s. So nowadays, though, it's almost instantaneous to go from one to the other. And we did that because of the airline travel. In case some of you may have been in medical school about the flight that starts in China and then stops off in New York, then goes to Chicago, it goes to St. Louis, then goes to San Francisco. And you then started to take a look at the incidence of disease as it goes to those places. And they traced it all to the one airline flight that went from coast, I'm sorry, from China to the United States. But that's how they did it. So anyway, with the historical, and I think the update that Dr. Campbell said, I'm just saying what we do with your medical students to kind of get on top of it. And it's just something you just, you don't have to memorize it now, right? Everything's on the phone. You can't do the full thing, just ask your kid, he'll program it for you. The H1N1 that came new to us, what time your population was a odd population group. It was more right in age up through middle age. And that's because they felt they weren't exposed enough, exactly, all the particular variants. And they're the ones who got sick versus all the others. That's where they became the first. Well, thank you.

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