Journal of Osteopathic Medicine October 2026: Estimating ejection fraction and heart failure severity using cardiac apex angles: a multiphase pilot study

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Access expires on Sep 30, 2029

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Credit Offered

1 AOA Category 1-B Credit

OVERVIEW
Heart failure (HF) affects 6.7 million American adults. The gold standard for HF assessment is echocardiography (echo) to determine the ejection fraction (EF). Evaluating the cardiac apex angle may be a possible way to estimate EF; however, there is a lack of investigation into this relationship. This study aimed to evaluate whether a correlation exists between the cardiac apex angle and EF.

Authors: Schafer Paladichuk; Graydon Dietrich; Austin Evanovich; Dane Warp, DO; Ronald F. Walser, DPT; Dan Selski, PhD; Jesse Cone, MD

OBJECTIVES

Review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of heart failure
Discuss the primary and secondary objectives of this study
Explain why ejection fraction is an important measurement in individuals with heart failure

Expiration Date: September 30, 2029

The AOA designates this activity for a maximum of 1.0 AOA Category 1-B Credit. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.