You know, sort of in review, Mike kind of just put it together. He said, you know, we did the Scholar 7 first, and the Scholar 7 was to develop a hypothesis and then move on to specific aims and then preliminary data and then to materials and methods and then, you know, eventually to the conclusion. And then this, after all that and after you've generated your IRB form and you've had that approved and you moved on to data collection and data analysis, Scholar 4 takes over. So Scholar 4 is that part of your work. So Scholar 4 is divided into, of course, four sessions, abstract development, poster development, oral presentation, and manuscript development. So you know what we did in the beginning, you all got a toy, and we took those toys and everybody got a toy, and you developed a hypothesis from that toy, you got a title, you developed your introduction, and you developed a methods and materials and a result, and then you put in your conclusion. And you put that all in a tiny little space with about 200 words. So that's where we should be at right now. The next step that we're going to go through is the actual development of a poster. This means that you've submitted your abstract to a meeting in, you know, some medical, large medical meeting, and the abstract was accepted. You got the abstract and they gave you the venue, and so they told you that you'll be presenting a poster. There's two ways of presenting a poster. One is actually developing and producing a large poster that rolls out onto a board and pinned up. That's one way. And the way that we're going to do it today, which can be transferred to that paper form, but the way we're going to do it is mostly electronic and on a PowerPoint setting. So that's how we're going to start it out. So when you look at these kind of things in these meetings, most of the things that, at the meetings, are more large screen where your poster will, you'll have a poster time, and that poster, your poster will pop up on this large TV screen. You'll have a time to stand by it and do a presentation, which we'll rehearse a little bit at the end of the session. And then that's your poster session. And then, again, that goes into your abstract, that goes into your CV under abstract and poster presentation, and hopefully oral presentation, and hopefully manuscript development. Posters, in general, so if we look at posters, the general poster is about three by six feet. So that's when you're going to print it. That's when you're going to put it on a cork board in front, in a big hall. So that's the biggie. So you have to keep that in mind when you're doing the template. You have to realize that whatever you put on there, it's going to be expanded out to three to six feet if you choose to print it. And so that means that you have to, it has to stand on its own, and about this far from that poster, the person's going to be able to read it. So they have to be read. So you have to take note of the font in every aspect. So then use the template. You should have received a template, I think we, I tried a couple times, yes, the template, and probably, hopefully via email, PowerPoint template. So everybody probably has that. So we're going to try to go through this, finish early, and allow time for you to produce and present. And we're going to talk about, if you're going to, so it's just one little pearl, is if you're going to make a printed poster, and you roll it up into a tube, don't check it on the airplane. I've had many times where I thought, oh, that's not real, and I checked it, and I didn't have a poster when I got there, and it took a couple days. So never check it, carry it with you, stick it in the bin, but never check it, carry it with you, and I can tell you, you'll avoid a lot of nervousness and ulcers. So essentially, this is what the template looks, maybe we can turn the light down a little bit, I don't know whether that'll help, maybe that won't help. Very quickly, because I will give this, oh, there we go. So this is one way of writing, of developing a poster. So when we have the poster in front of us, your institutional logo will be at one side, you can put them on both sides in the corner, that might be University Hospitals, it might be Case Medical Center, it might be LECOM, whatever institution that you're working within should take credit for that, so that'll be on both ends. Your title should be in the middle, centered, so again, developing a title that's short and sweet, that draws people to your poster, is very important. Then they say 10 feet away, I imagine that's 10 feet so they can see it and read it. Below, in smaller font, author affiliation, so author's in order, whoever's first, and then middle, and then last, with the affiliations in the appropriate way as well. And then, usually there's three columns to four columns, I won't put that, but usually I like four columns. You can put learning objectives, background, research methods, tables, and you can kind of scatter it. The way I like to do it, and I'll show you this in a minute, is this type of template. So your heading is here, your affiliations, your abstract that you wrote, that you have with you, will be cut and paste right here, in your first column. A small introduction, so this introduction here, you have some lines here, you have maybe three sentences. Your introduction may have three paragraphs, one sentence, you know, sort of spelled out a little longer. Your material methods, this could, you can see pictures, what you used, how you did it, and for our purposes here, a nice paragraph on how you did it, very expanding, this. Every sentence will be then expanded into a paragraph here, and then your pictures, and those pictures will be called figure one, figure two, you can reference them up here, and then any other sorts, and then your next column is your results, and your results are essentially here, and then with your results, you can put things down like your tabulated data, and then finally, here would be your discussion, and your discussion is a longer introduction, a little bit more, so you're holding back, you hold back, hold back till you get to the discussion, and throw everything at them, that's how you would do that. So it's just leading them through your poster, and then finally, conclusions at the very end, which will be bullets. I like bullets, I like three conclusions, and they don't necessarily have to be conclusions from your study, you may have one conclusion on your study, but then you could lead up to that, saying that, for example, people get hungry, people like pizza, we've shown they eat a lot of pizza, so that might be that walk in your conclusions. I don't necessarily put references in, if you have space, you can put references in, I think that would be fine. This is a better example, I think, Gabby, I think you'd recognize this one. So this is an interesting one, so it's the same kind of bit, so you see the title, you have your abstract, introduction, material methods, pictures, items that you're using, how you use them, your results, and this is where your tabulated results are, if you want to put a pizza here, that's okay, and then your discussion, a little bit longer, it should be a little longer than your introduction, and then your conclusions, more bullet form, if you want to put the references in, those are fine, too. So what I'd like to do is start, just in general, getting the title up, so I'm going to come around, let's get your title on, I'm going to come around and look at each one of your titles, and then your affiliations, let's see what you've got, and then we can make some changes from there, all right? So yeah, I would make this smaller, yeah, you want that maybe half, maybe even less than half, a third of what that looks like there, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, that, and then text whoever has, and then you'll be using that in this part, perfect, you just have to cut that out of there, and then put your title in, and then put who's working on it, and then we're in good shape, okay? Good, all right, so I want you to utilize this, cut this out, and I want you to put your title there, okay? That's our first step. Oh, just delete this one? Yeah, delete just the title, just go in there, yeah, mm-hmm, and then underneath that, about a third of the size, I want you to put in your authors, mm-hmm, first author being the one who did the work, and then usually it's the resident or the intern, and then the people who've done a lot of work on it in the middle, and then your mentor at the very end, so I want you to take this to about a third of that, a little bit smaller, the names, the names, yeah, no, you don't have to, yeah, just font, font smaller, yeah, so you have your title, and your title should be that catchy title that fits right there, again, people are going to be looking at it about 10 feet away, the next is the authors, and we talked about the lineup of the authors, that should be about a third of the size of your title, and now let's work on the affiliations, your affiliations are, you know, probably with respect to the first author, then after, then after that, if it's one affiliation, say it's just University Hospitals, and you all are doing, that's all you need, just put one affiliation down, and you'll be fine, so let's work on that, let's get the, we have the title, the affiliation, and now, or the title, the authors, and affiliation, mm-hmm, I'd see, pull that up just a little bit, get it up close to the top, a little bit more, and then put your affiliate, put your authors below that, and then put your, then affiliations, okay, in the box, right, yeah, okay, and you can kind of, you can stretch that box down if you want, and then, so your authors would be maybe a little bit smaller, okay, yeah, and then what you want to do is that, right, so remember, so here's another tip, is that it all should be, so this all should be in the same font, all this part, all that, yeah, same font, and then, like I said, I think, mm-hmm, mm-hmm, mm-hmm, but obviously, I mean, this is like in this size, not in this giant size, 42 by 6 foot, right, so I mean, it would look, and when you print it out, right, it'll be a lot bigger, so, it'll be much bigger in the giant size, right, yeah, yeah, that's right, so, you know, when you send it off, the printer will tell you, look, look, and he'll make some corrections for you, you can take that picture, you're going to use that, too, right, that'll be part of your method Next step is the results. The results are exactly what you came up with. Mostly in this section, you're going to show your data. So that might be tabulated, and that would be a table 1, table 2, so that would be tabulated. Make sure when you're writing these things, make sure that when you're putting that, you reference your figures and your tables somewhere in the text. You don't want to have something just hanging out there. So if there is a table, it has to be mentioned in the text, whether it's in the results section, it's actually in the wording, but reference it somewhere. So one could put in there your table. We don't have a lot of data, but some of the data can be. We talked about epidemiologicals, so maybe a table that who actually did the experiment. So there were three women and two men, these ages, this kind of thing. Whatever you feel may have impacted the test. And then your next table might be your results. So table 1, table 2. So you have figures and tables. Does that make sense? So your results, so like your methods aren't talking about what you came up with, your methods are how you did it. Your results are the data. It's not describing the data or interpreting the data. It's just your data. Your conclusions are what becomes important. Does that make sense? Your conclusions are what your results brought you. Okay? Good. Let's start working there. Baseball. No, it's not allowed. It's not allowed. Can you look it up on your smartphone and then send a picture to your e-mail? My e-mail? I could do it that way. Yeah. That would work. The method section, you can put, we use an unpaired t-test. So you want that next, that last column is your discussion. Right. And then you can take that, so that discussion then is more of the introduction but more expanded. So a lot of times you come up with a lot of data at the end, so you'll come up with, you have this idea, you have all this paper in front of you and all this literature, and then you kind of sort of pull the top part off, and that's your abstract, a little bit more into the introduction than the whole magilla of your discussion. Okay, cool. And then conclusion, right? And conclusion. So this column is like discussion and then conclusion? Right below there. So abstract intro, materials, methods, results, table, and then photos, whatever, then discussion. Discussion and then conclusion. Okay. I don't like any more than three to four bullets. Three bullets are probably as much as you need. Okay. And then you want to sort of fill it up a little bit with, you know, hashtag. Right, hashtag. You know, that kind of thing, right? I was trying to get our table to insert, but I couldn't do it yet. So we are supposed to have your material methods. Now your table, sometimes you don't have to put it in here. It will just paste right onto there. Yeah. Yeah, I was trying to replace this. Oh, okay, okay. I couldn't get it to replace to put our table in. Well, it won't directly replace. You have to cut it out and then completely delete it. Yeah, that's pretty good. All right, so now you can put your stuff in if you like. Well, that's the way it's supposed to look. Yeah, it looks pretty good. So the visual is wonderful. Starting from a toy and you got that visual. Imagine what would happen if you actually started with medical data. Yeah. And you already have that idea. So your idea, I think, was with the diabetes. Oh, diabetes, yeah, yeah. You would have the same thing. Diabetes, same that, same this, except you wouldn't need the dice there. Yeah. Your abstract would go there, and then you would just expand. Yeah, I was thinking about it. I was like, it's pretty much all done. That's right. This is cut and paste like that. Yeah. Now, tell me how would you do your manuscript? How would you make your manuscript out of this? First sentence. Well, I feel like the manuscript would already almost be done. It's done. It's done. We did the opposite. Theoretically, we've done the opposite. We have a manuscript. Yeah, exactly. For every different journal article, there's a type. But here you cut and paste into a Word document. And then leaving your references to the end, these figures to the end. But you would just cut and paste. This would be on one page, and that's your title page. So you essentially, by doing your poster, you've created your manuscript. Yeah. Which we'll talk about next time. Do we need to expand the manuscript at all? You can. Then you get into a topography. You get into a more how can I fit this all in, and what do I need to take out to make it fit, to make it all in this 3 by 6 poster and have them fit into columns. So you can cut things out, things that you've added because you've probably added more than you need. And then just below, conclusions. So your conclusions sometimes are bullets, and you can have one sentence conclusion. And that one sentence, then the two up above leads into it. It's like, you know, say here that dice have been played forever in multiple countries all over the world. Number two, it's a fun game. Number three, we found this. Something like that. So it's just leading them into that, right? Just a little bit. After the first attempt, and so you would need more, to recruit more people into studies to see that a larger study would need to be conducted. Would it be better, here's the question, of going from three individuals to five, or to keep the original three and make it ten? My argument is, okay, the improvement made from trial one to two to three seemingly got better as each time went on. So my thought is, can it even get better going to ten instead of five? It could. We'd have to find out. That might make it more difficult. Then you want to repeat essentially what you had in your introduction. So I would, you could put, it has to be a little bit different. Again, you're saving up your ammo to your discussion. So the rest of that just gets deleted. And then you want to take, expand your introduction, so maybe take the first sentence from the introduction, just say expanding introduction here, and then go down to the conclusions. Four bullets. So the four bullets down at the bottom of this, you want to put in one bullet might be, it says people have utilized this exploding hand grenade for decades. Number two, it is often found with some level of intrigue that surfaces make a difference of how often it explodes. And then last, we have found that the hard surface is better. Those are your three points. And those should be bullets, so you want to bullet those three. So what Mike's going to do for me right now, and I think he knows it, we're going to get that little, you're going to get the thumb drive and collect their abstracts, their posters. So we're going to take your posters right now and then we're going to put them on one thumb drive and then we're going to put them up here and then we're going to have you present your poster. So what's very important about poster presentation is that you'll be asked by the meeting to come over and present your poster. So you'll have a time frame. You'll have this time, it might be Saturday from 3 to 5, and you're to be at the poster. So you want to get there early, put your poster up, or be at the station where the monitor is so when your poster comes up, you're ready. But there's a couple important points I want to walk you through is that show up on time. Don't come late. You want to show them you're a seasoned vet at poster presentations. Dress well. Don't come in jeans. Dress well, wear a suit or maybe a sports coat and a tie. Dress well. You want to stand by your poster. There's a lot of pull to go walk to someone else's poster during your time or you see a friend over there, you want to go talk to him. Stand by your poster. Don't leave your poster during that time frame. Bring your business cards with you. When people come up, there may be nobody that comes up, but that's not our problem. If someone comes up, you have your business card, and if they want you to walk through it, you hand them your business card. Also have copies of your poster, like this copy here on paper. Have a group of them. Somebody might say, you know, I really like that poster, and I'm an editor for a big journal, a big power journal. Here you go. Take this, and I'll remind you, and then if need to, give them your email. And then your mentor should ask related researchers to stop by your poster. So whoever's mentoring, you say, do you know anybody going to this meeting? Do you mind telling them to come by my poster? Now, your mentor should be doing that already beforehand. Make eye contact with the viewer. You want to say to them, say, if you're standing, you always want to stand. This is just my stand to this side of the poster. So I'll just stand to this side of the poster. When you put your poster up, and this is a little pet peeve of mine, too, is always use clear thumbtacks. I hate colored thumbtacks. That's just my preference, to use clear thumbtacks. It's distracting for me. Stand to this side. Someone comes up, so someone comes up, and you start doing one of these things, like this, all right? As soon as they do that, say, may I walk you through my poster? That's probably a very polite way of saying, can I walk you through the poster? Just let me show you what I've done. So when you do that, you can say, my poster was entitled, all right? You don't necessarily have to tell them all the authors. You just have to say, this was the title, and it was done at this institution. You want to take them through the introduction, and you want to say, well, at first, this is hand grenades have been well used in play time, and we've always used them at our house, and we've always wanted to know what the idea was, whether a hard surface or a soft surface. You want to get them the sort of general idea, and you go from here. You walk them here, because you're going to do one of these things. Okay? So you're going to go here, and you're going to talk about, you know, we came up with this idea. We went out and bought these hand grenades, and we put them together. We stood this way, and we dropped them, and we determined this, and this is the statistics we used, and this is the methods. Here are the results. This is what we found looking at this population. We found that, yes, it's the hard surface that's much more accommodating, and then you go in, and we conclude. You don't really have to go over your discussion again. So here's our conclusions. Our conclusions are A, B, and C. This is about a one- to two-minute walkthrough. It's very quick. You don't want to drag this on. This is not a lecture. It's a one- to two-minute walkthrough. And then at the end, you say, are there any questions? Do you have any questions for me? And then talking points for a poster presentation. Do you have any questions? Do you see any flaws in my methods? That's always helpful. You know, change is always good. If they see something, say, well, look, I would change this. If you want this published, change this. Write that down. And then my conclusions. Do my conclusions make sense? Did it make sense to you? So you're getting in a conversation. So specific questions about contact people. Do you have any suggestions where I should send this into? That always helps. After the presentation, say that you have a presentation, and the guy says he asked you this question, and you have no idea the answer. It's just, like, way out there. So an easy out is saying, I don't know the answer. Don't try to run around it. It just looks silly. Just say, I don't know. But I can get back to you. Give me your email, and I will get back to you. I'll ask my mentor, and I will get back to you. And then that goes from there. But when you get back, respond to those questions. Get their email. Respond to them within 30 days. Keep the momentum going on your poster, and then we publish. So the next time we meet, we'll talk about how this will go further into your work. Does that make sense? So, Mike, do you have all their presentations? So for the final butt, we're going to ask you to come up and present your poster. All right, I need one volunteer from the dice team. Okay, here's your thing. Here's a card. So that's your card, but that's my card. So what I'd like you to do is stand by. You're doing a poster presentation, and I'm going to come up here and say, what do you do when I come up to you like this? Hi there, I'm Dr. Skidmore. Nice to meet you. What can I tell you about my poster? Can I walk you through my poster? Can I walk you through my poster? Love to. Go have at it. All right, so we studied the effect of dice orientation on the end drop value. Dice is basically a very widely popular game. It's very popular around the world. A lot of people, you know, look at it and see if there's a way that they can kind of control the outcome by rolling the dice. So what we did was kind of look at that if that's possible or feasible. So basically what we did in our project was we had multiple individuals hold the dice with an even number up. We then dropped the dice to see if holding the dice with an even number up would control the outcome, if we could predict whether an even or odd number would come face up. We then looked at the results from those four drops and looked at the outcome. So going through the results, we had a total of 40 drops over the four individuals. 21 drops ended in an odd number facing up while 19 drops ended in an even number facing up. So that gave us a p-value of .66, which can be shown by our graphs here. So looking through the discussion about this project, you know, with the p-value of .66, we showed that there was really no statistical evidence that holding it with an even number up would control the outcome of the dice roll. So as futile as multiple people will try, holding it with a particular roll will not affect the outcome of the dice. Beautiful. Nice. Thank you. Great job. And your card. Oh, and here's my card. Thank you. Yes. Okay. Hello. Can I walk you through my poster? Oh, that'd be great. Please have at it. So this device here is a... it's called a kendama master. It's a toy where you try to catch the ball either on the spike or the cup. And our aim of the study was to determine if adults could master this game as well as children could. It is a game that is typically for the ages of 8 to 17. Here we had three adult subjects between the ages of 33 and 45 randomly selected, two females and one male. Each participant was given three attempts to master the kendama spike catch, and the number of successful attempts were recorded. As you can see in our table here, each subject failed to master the spike catch on each of the three attempts for a success rate of 0%. Conclusion, the kendama master game should be continued to play by children ages 8 to 17. And there's your card. Thank you very much. That was very nicely done. Nice to meet you. Thank you. Nice to meet you. So you can see how well that goes just with a toy. Just imagine you had real data. It's really good data. It's fantastic. So, you know, when you get to this point here on the table, you can say, this table shows. So something like that wording, this table shows. And that makes things flow a little better. Here's our pitch. It didn't go. That's okay. All right. All right, so I'm going to come up here and say okay. May I walk you through my... Yeah, that's your card there. That's your card. Thank you. Yeah, please have it. Okay, what we did here is we wanted to know if by using a blow-up inflatable target toss practice toy, if by using that, that would increase the accuracy of pitching. And so what we did, we had three individuals go through three separate trials by practicing pitching using the inflatable toy. And the graph is not here, but what we did find was that the first person with three trials, they were able to improve their pitching by 80%, the second person by 60%, and the third by 80% as well. And so at that point we thought, okay, there is a difference. Let's see if it's significant. Because just looking at it outwardly, it looks like each person did improve. So statistically we analyzed it and we found that it was not statistically significant. And we're thinking maybe the reason why is because there weren't enough trials. So there were several ways we could redesign the experiment to improve the accuracy of the pitching, but also to have it be more significant. So our conclusion was that the toy does not show that it will increase your accuracy in pitching. But I believe if we increase the number of cycles and trials, that we might be able to show whether or not that toy is something that should be used to improve pitching. Thanks very much. Thank you. Thank you. That's your card. Thank you. Thank you very much. So with that, I think you get the idea. It's one or two minutes blurb. Any more, they're going to walk off. You'll be still talking. They're just going to walk. But just give it a real quick, and then you want to get the summation. And sometimes if you're lucky and have a crowd, you probably want to just have the crowd and then present. So when you do a teleprompter, you're going to have a crowd. So it's a little different with a teleprompter. A teleprompter is only going to be about this big. You'll be standing in front of the teleprompter, and then you're going to have a crowd. So you're going to make a general presentation, and that general presentation may be a little longer. They may ask you. So it's like a hybrid between a poster session and an oral presentation when you have a teleprompter and a teleprompter session. So if they tell you it's 10 minutes, we'll talk about how we'll do that at the next session, okay, with more presentation. This is your standard 3x6 paper poster that's sitting in a big hall. There's your card. Okay, I'm just walking up. Would you like me to go over our presentation today? Please, thank you. So cap guns are a lot of fun to play with, so we wanted to determine what's the best way to get the most explosions or the best bang for your buck when playing with these. So we took a cap gun and held it at a specific height and dropped it onto a hard surface five times, and then again on a soft surface. So if you look at our chart here, you'll see that five times out of five, the cap gun exploded on the hard surface. On the soft surface, only one time. Thus, our conclusion was if you want to get the most bang for your buck with a cap gun, you want to drop it on a hard surface. Very good, very good. Thank you. Thank you very much. Do you have any questions? I don't. I really would like to know a little bit about where I can get one of those. I need five of them for my kids. Well, here's my card. And then you can say you don't know, but you'll get back to me. I don't know, but I will gladly get that information to you. Thank you. Thanks very much. Very good. So you can see how easy that was. And I said I think that what I'm going to give you a little homework to do for the next session. I think everybody presented. So the next session, what I want you to do is beef up your posters. All right? Just fill in those blanks as much as you can. It doesn't have to be real, but just fill it up. And then put the pictures in. We want a lot more text. So what we're going to do the next session is we're going to try it. So I want you to have PowerPoint available. We are going to try to set up a – so the next step is if they sit at a meeting, you're not getting a poster. You're getting an oral presentation. That's a little different. So I want you to think about how you get all that data into ten slides only. We'll talk about that on how to set that up at the next. So organize your poster a little bit more. Fill in the blanks. Bring a PowerPoint onto your laptop, and we'll start working on oral presentations. All right? Thanks a lot, guys. Bye.

research development

hypothesis creation

data collection

abstract development

poster presentation

oral presentation

medical meeting

PowerPoint