Well, good evening everyone, we're going to get started. So this is Scholar 4, this is the last of Scholar 4 presentations. You remember when we first started out, we started out Scholar 7, we started out with hypothesis development, we started out with specific aims and preliminary data, material methods, and then a conclusion. Then we developed our project out of the hypothesis, we got an idea, we started doing the experiments and we went through IRB and we got IRB approval, and then we started doing the project and collecting the data and collecting the results, and we got some good results. So we took those results and we put it into an abstract, and that began Scholar 4. So we developed an abstract with our data, and then we sent it into a meeting. So we picked a meeting that they would accept it, and they did, they accepted the abstract and they said, come on in for a poster presentation. So Scholar 2 was the poster presentation development from our abstract. Then we got a surprise that 15 minutes before the meeting started, they said, you're going to give an oral presentation. Well, anyway, something like that. But we went on to develop an oral presentation, and that was Scholar 3. Today, we're finished with the meeting section, you've come home, and you've gotten a lot of good replies from people who are visualizing your poster or your oral presentation. In fact, one of the editors of the journal came up to you and said, great job, send it to my journal. And you gave him your card, and we're on our way now to try to get our poster into a manuscript form. So that's what we're going to do tonight. So first thing, if he didn't come up to you and give you his card, you have to pick your journal. So pick a journal that's appropriate for your data or appropriate for your manuscript. Make sure if it's a case report, make sure they accept case reports. If it's an original study, make sure they accept original studies. If it's just an editorial review, they will accept it or you've been invited to give one. When you go to the journal, everything's online. So just go on to the journal, go to the journal site, pick that journal, and go to the instructions to the authors. Very important. Go to that area. It's going to be your Bible for about a week or two while you sort of write this thing up and make it all fit. Go through all the instructions and then obey them explicitly. Obviously the submission process is electronic as well. So once you get to that area where you've had your manuscript all cleaned up, the submission is then piece in part into the electronic venue and follow directions carefully. So what I want to do now, you all have data. You have your stuff. And what I'd like to do is take that stuff that we developed from an abstract, a poster to a oral presentation. We're going to now put this into a manuscript form. We're going to start with a cover letter. So everybody needs a cover letter. So if all of you could pick up a blank Word document. Just pull up a blank Word document on your computer so we can start working on that. So the cover letter is actually a letter to the editor telling them you're submitting this article to them and hoping for the best and wishing for a publication. Within the body of that letter, you have to put in this manuscript is entitled. So tell them that the manuscript's entitled. And then at the very end, we await your response. And then signed by the corresponding author, whoever's supposed to be in charge of receiving correspondences from the editor. So just one person you have to define. And that letter looks something like this. So if you look, it says, Dear Prospective Editor. You can write, Dear Editor. The following letter to the editor is a case report or a report of material on the first case of common variable immunodeficiency presenting as ascending cholangitis as just an example. All of the authors have read and approved the manuscript and collaboratively written 100% of the case. So you have to put something in that letter saying that we all did it. All the authors had something. I'll show you a little bit later how that works out as well. But everyone is contributed. And then all the requirements for authorship have been met. This has not been published prior to this and is not currently under consideration for any other publication. The following information is the first author's contact. So every sentence there is kind of important. You have to tell them that here it is. We're sending you this entitled, and you put the title in. All the authors have participated to 100% of the data in there. So they've participated. Number three, that they've all met the criteria for being authors. And this has not been published or under consideration anywhere else. And that the following that you put in, here is the corresponding author. Here is the office address, the telephone. Here's the email. Thank you for the consideration of this letter to the editor. And please feel free to contact me if you have any questions signed corresponding author. That's how we get it started. So we all have titles. You have all your stuff. Let's get this going. Let's get a cover letter written tonight. OK. You're on your own now. I'll be right. I'll be walking around going through that. Every word. So you want to put parentheses. So you want the title to actually. Yeah. Parentheses. And then the exact. Quotations? Yeah. And then the exact title. Exact title. Uh-huh. And you. And capitalize the way. Yes. So you capitalize anything else like that. Oh, my God. Yeah. Yep. And then those three key points that we talked about there. The authorship. Everybody participated. 100%. And it's not published anywhere else. OK. Yeah. Number one, you say, you know, dear editor, we are submitting this manuscript entitled parentheses. The title of your paper, your project. And then the correspondence to ask your permission to. Well, so just say, for say, dear editor, in close, please find the manuscript entitled for your review for potential publication. All right. So we're going to get your. Because this is how it's going to look when you take your data and submit it. This is exactly how it's going to look. Just looking at all this template Dr. Tengen sent us. Mm-hmm. Good. For what this journal is. Good. Kind of explain. Yeah. When they get submissions. Good. Good. And just developing this information. Yeah. Good. So you got your letter? Is that your letter? Yes. OK. I just took yours. OK. It's the following letter. It's a notify. Yeah. The following letter. I can't read that far. Oh, sorry. It means it is. It's a case of. They can definitely do it your way. I wasn't trying to. Oh, that's OK. No, no. It's just a sample. You do it any way the journal wants you to do it. OK. So you want to put your title in there. And then you want to parentheses. So the letters to the editor is a case report on something like that, on a first reported case of. And a lot of times I like to put a dear editor, I'm submitting this. We are submitting this manuscript, respectively submitting this manuscript to your journal, this manuscript in title, parentheses, full title, to your journal for prospective publication. And I want you to put your names in there, too, just as if you're really doing it. All right. We have our cover letter pretty much complete, I think. If you, like we're in a boat, if you're ready, raise your hand. So is everybody ready? So the next thing you need to have is a title page. So sometimes I like to keep everything separate. I'll have a folder and I'll have a document that says, you know, letter. And then the next document's going to be title page. So you want to have individual, you don't want to have them rolling through. Because you never know if the journal wants, you know, they'll say, cut, paste your letter here. Here, cut, paste, put this here. So you may want to have everything in separate Word documents. That might be very critical, may help you get through things easier. Okay. So the title page. So the title page, it's a singular page, it stands alone. It has the title complete, doesn't have, no parentheses, but just a title complete, capitalized letters throughout the title. Then after that, you need the authors. So whoever's, as you want them to appear in print, the authors. And then below that, the affiliations in order. You can either use four affiliations with authors 1, 2, 3, or 1 star, 2 star, 3 star. And then put them below, depending on how the journal likes it, and that would go well. Then underneath that corresponding author, who is the contact, who was writing that previous cover letter. You want to have the word count below that. Some journals want word count, so you want a word count of just the manuscript. Not the title page, not the cover sheet, not the references, just the meat. And then you want keywords. What do keywords mean? Keywords are two to three words that if someone searched in literature, they were looking for something concerning dice, then yours, that keyword would then pop your article up. So it could be two to three, and I would ask you just to pick two to three keywords to put in there as well. So it looks something like that. So if you wish, you can look at this. This is how we sent it into the JOA. So Scholar 7, the Development of Regional Community Hospitals, Scholastic Environment. And then the authors. And then we used the star. So please feel free to use the star tonight. And then the affiliations, and then the corresponding author, of course, and then after that word count. And then you don't have to add that, and we're not quite there with the word count, but at least put it there, and then keywords. So that would be a separate document, start a second word document, develop a folder, put everything in that folder as we go, and then date the time that you put it in there, because this will be the version you'll be referring to. And then here's another one that we can do too as well. So Food Allergies Adjusted to Culture. Again there's the authors and then the stars for the affiliations. And then contributors. So you can also in this area, as you put it in your cover letter, you can also here state that all authors were involved in the conception and design of the study, data generation analysis and interpretation of the data, as well as preparation of clinical revisions of the manuscript, and then so on and so forth. The authors of this manuscript have no financial conflicts of interest. So you can also add that to it, depending on the style of the journal. But if you notice that those are key points, those points in there are what authors should be doing. So each author, all of you should be doing it, or some of you should be doing some of those things, and you should be able to define that at the get-go, when you're doing your research and doing your manuscripts, who's done what, so that you're just not putting people on the paper to put people on the paper, but everybody has responsibilities. So we're going to create your title page. I'm going to back this up, and I'm going to put the simple ones on. So let's try developing a simple title page first. Let's get to work. Okay, so you've got the oldest case, good. Let's make some more rooms. Yeah, so this, these can go right here, like that, and then this, put some space. This whole should be, you know, so upper-middle, this is middle-middle, and these are middle-lower of the page. Does that make sense? Yeah, like that, just like this here, right here. Yeah, very good. That doesn't necessarily, like in your case, you have everything in caps, I don't need to do everything in caps, just the first word, and not a conjunction, or anything else doesn't need to be an A or something, okay? Very good. Okay, good. You want this to be top-middle, and then the corresponding author, middle-middle, and at the very middle end will be the keywords, and then the, keywords and the word count. Okay, so this is the, this, okay, so that's good, good, and then. We just put all our names together. Right. We put star, two stars, three stars, and then put those at the end before the comma. Like right here, right here would be one star, just put one star there. Yeah, two stars, the university there, yep, and then three stars. Okay, so then whoever's this, right before the comma, that's, so, so if you divide the page into upper-middle, middle-middle, and middle, that's where the thing should sit out, so it kind of gives you a good look. No, that's the person who's going to be in contact with the journal, that's who they're going to send the rebuttals or the revisions to, so it's the guy you have to, you know, now this, now this is, this should be one document, and that below should be another document, because they're going to ask, you know, the letter, and then you'll have to have that and put that in, then they'll ask for the, so whoever's your corresponding author, this would be dear editor, yeah, I would say dear editor, that's whoever the corresponding author is, that's the person you've elected to make all, that the journal's going to talk to. And then here it says, thank you for your time and consideration, we, and we await your reply, or your response, we await your response, rather than to call and just say, we await your response. And then, then that's one, that's one document, that sits right in the middle of the page, and then your second document is the letter, is the, your title page, so those would be grouped in a folder. These two things, these three things, this is the upper-middle, this is the middle-middle, and this is the end-middle of the page, does it, does that make sense? So you want to space it out, in other words. Oh, I see, I was like, oh. So when you look at the page, you actually have something in the upper, the middle, and the end. Okay. It's sort of, it's just the proper presentation. Oh, okay. Okay, good, perfect. Okay, how are we all looking? We good? You're good, I know you're good, you guys are good, good, the dice people, they're all good, yep, they're rolling. Okay, so the next, so these are two separate documents, there's two separate Word documents, and you'll have, and put the date on them, because you want to make sure that if there are any revisions by other authors, because you're going to send this out to all your authors before you submit this, so everybody can look at it. If there's changes, then you want to make sure you have the most updated package. So the next thing that we want to do is now we want another Word document, and we want to now start creating your manuscript. All right, so this sometimes, some journals want an abstract, some journals don't, so you'll have to view that, you know, to what the journals, you know, what they see is fit for their journal. So what I usually do is I'll take your abstract, so this is the abstract you wrote that was in your poster, and the one that was from the original Scholar 1, take that, and then put that into a single document, that's document 2, or document 3 in the folder. So it's important that sometimes some journals don't want your abstract to look a certain way. They don't want, some journals don't want headers on it, so they don't want any bold introduction, materials and methods, they just want everything to flow through, so you're going to have to look, so it's important to pull that journal, look at their previous submissions and publications to see how that abstract will look. But for now, let's just take what you have and then use that right into your manuscript. So this is another document, this will be your third document, and let's just cut and paste your abstract there. Okay? Let's get to work. So, you know, you want to label this as an abstract, make sure they know on the top it's an abstract. Yeah, very good, right there. Good, all right. Then you're going to have the same. And then that usually sits on its own. Usually, really, then the rest of it comes after that. Then again, you'd have to look at the journal and seeing if they have, like that. Have this here, you know, put it on the side, bring this over here, and then make it the same as, yeah, not standing out like that. That's great. Yeah, yeah, and then just the font is down. That's good. Differences, but you won't need the authors on that abstract. Well, no, so when you're putting it in the front, you already have a title page, right? So this is part of the manuscript. Do you want an abstract on it? Yes, you can put abstract there, yeah. Right, correct. So sometimes, no, not centered. Yeah, so this will come in. So when you submit it, and if they want an abstract, this will be like here, the abstract, and the rest of your paper will fall underneath it. And sometimes, you have to watch for the journal. Again, just go pull the journal, or look at other publications, and then you want to see whether they include introduction method, or is it all run together in one paragraph? And if that's what they want, that's how you do it. So that'll be a page on its own, one document by itself. Then we'll work on the next one. So we would just keep the rest of it, the rationale and code method? Yeah, that's right. And get rid of all the rest? That's right. And no titles? Well, it depends on your journal. Yeah, the journal may want you to put things in, like the introduction. They may not want that. They just may run, they want everything to run like one paragraph. So they may not want the titles. But we'll assume that for the purposes of the study, we will just use that. So there's no titles on it. So that's good, that's which. So that's a separate document. OK? All right, so continuing on, we're going to do the fourth document, so the fourth independent document. And this will be sort of the meat. So this will be the introduction. So every journal will have a different segmentation of the manuscript, follow their segmentation. But for our purposes, we'll call this the introduction. And so I'm going to ask you to get a separate Word document. And then you want to go to your poster. And so at your poster, cut and paste your introduction. Here. OK? So let's get to work. So we have your introduction. It's perfect. OK, that really looks good. So we added the title, Introduction. Yeah, that's good. That's fine. Consistency, right? If you're doing it to the other segment. Everything is consistent. And then so this will be sort of the start of your manuscript. Everything will fall from this document. So you'll go introduction, and we'll go on. So do you see how important it is when you're making your poster to write your poster as if you're writing your manuscript? Yeah, I see what you mean. It just makes putting the manuscript together a whole lot easier. So much easier. Yeah. So like when you come home from the meeting, everybody says, oh, that's a great poster, great poster. Make these corrections, change this. Then you go make those changes. And then you cut and paste, and you put it into the big document. So really, the only real differences between the poster and the manuscript is the cover letter, the title page, and then your references at the end. All right, good. So that looks good. So we're going to continue working on that same document. We're going to add more as we go. See how important it is to really do your poster well. So that really, when you make your poster well, you cut and paste to put things in. You're at your meeting. They're talking to you. And they say, change this. This looks better with that. And then you come back, make those changes. So really, the only big difference is the title page, cover letter, and then that's about it. And it comes together. All right, so we talked a little bit earlier about how important your poster is. So developing a good poster really is developing up your manuscript. You can create it and make it bigger, but your framework is really your poster. And so a couple other things I want you to know. I failed to mention this in your abstract introduction. Kind of important, I like double spacing. Make it double spaced, double spaced between lines. This is how I've always submitted papers. This is how it always, so in your abstract, double space it. In addition, on your sides of the page, number the lines. And this is going to be important when you get your revision back. We'll talk about that. So double space everything you're doing, and then numbers on the side of the page to number each line. It's kind of important. You'll see how important it is when we get to the end of the lecture. So while you're doing that, the next part, so you have your introduction, the next part is your material methods. So essentially, go back to your poster, and then cut and paste your material methods. Not figures, not tables, just your material methods, and place that right underneath the introduction in the same way. So we'll get started with that. This is just for the manuscript only. So you would want this double spaced? Yeah, double spaced, and then numbered on the side. There's a function on Word to automatically number, right? I just don't remember how to do it. And why that's important is because when you send it in, I've never had an article sent back to me saying, this is perfect. We're going to take it as is. It's never happened to me. So they'll send you revisions. And they'll say, you need to change this, you need to change that. And your letter on revision saying, we have changed this line to page five. That's why that's important. So in your case, when you're writing a, so you have your introduction, and in a case report, your material methods is going to be your case report. And then the results, you don't necessarily have to have a results section. Your results sections are lab results, CTs, and all that. But you can embed that into your case report. So that just comes right after. And you can highlight a case report. But some journal articles won't take case, some journals won't take case reports as per se. They'll say, we'll take a letter. So a letter to the editor can be fashioned to be a case report. Still counts the same. It's still cited the same in PubMed. Got it? So a case report or a letter to the editor has no introduction, has no result, has no bolded titles. All those things are there, but they're blended together to look like a letter. Yeah, I want you to know how to do it. And I was mentioning to them, so when you send this in, so never, I have never gotten an article back, a manuscript back saying, this is perfect. We'll take it as is. Don't touch it. This is just the way we want it. Never happens. It hasn't happened to me in 23, 40 years, 30 years. I was writing when I was two. But when you send it in, you double space it. You put the numbering of the lines. So when you write your revision, you say, I have made these corrections in page two, line three. So we should always, should we number the lines? Always number the lines. Is it a number of all of them, or can you do it like fives? No, all of them. Sometimes you can do it like fives. Yeah, just do the whole thing. I've never done it that way. Just do it fives. And then double space, just looks. And then make sure that this introduction and next year material methods are on the same document. They're following one on one down the line. And no diagrams or figures yet. You can refer to them, but you don't need to do that. That's just his old jibberish. All right, so you just want to write down your material methods as best you can in a nice paragraph, double space with the lines. Yep. So the materials and methods, the results, and your discussion and conclusion will all be on one document, a page of manuscripts. Your title page, your references, tables and figures will all be separate documents. OK? And so that way they can, they got your title page over here, they got your references over there, they got each of your tables. But the manuscript, the meat of the text is all one. Materials and methods, and then results and discussion, that's all. All one, yes. OK, so so far you have a document for your cover letter, document for your title page, and then you have this manuscript document. So this is exactly your manuscript, is the introduction, and then followed by your material methods. The next is your results. So cut and paste your results. So your results aren't tables yet. The results are not, your results are descriptions or your actual results. You can refer to your table, you can refer to your figure, but they are not in the document as of yet. And this is all following through. And this document is following through with the introduction, material methods, and the results. These are all one straight through, double spaced, and with numbers on the side. OK? So let's go ahead and post in the results. No matter how much you have, this is just a teaching model. All right, let's get to work. All right. We were doing this around yesterday. OK, so that one's already saved. OK, so then this is the introduction, and then what was it? So here, yeah, so here you don't have to have that much space. OK, so just continue and get rid of that, and just make it continuously double spaced? Yeah, continuously double spaced, and then putting results in right after you got done with your introduction. So right underneath it? Right underneath it, same page. Oh, OK, see, that's where we misunderstood. And so that's your material methods right there. And so that's a written document. There's no tables or tablets. So you'd want to expand that a little bit more, but you're OK. This is just a teaching model. So the results are going to come after materials and methods, right? Yep. OK, and then discussion. So then you want to, yeah? Materials and methods, so that's still looking OK. So you want to combine material methods, make that one title, material methods. Is it OK to use an ampersand, or should I write out and methods? Whatever the journal wants. Oh, OK. They may or may or may not want that. They're going to tell you. Right. This needs to be corrected or added. There you go, and then a double space on that one, too. All right, so in here, like I said, I think a lot of your, this will turn into words rather than bullets. You don't want bullets in there, but you will turn that into a paragraph, however you, but for the sake, that's fine. But you want to change that all into words in a document like that. No bullets in any of this, so pretty much, this material method is going to tell you what I'm doing, and I'm going to tell you in a sentence. Bullets are good for posters. Yeah, visuals and for your talking and things, but now we're really changing to something that people will read in the document, in the manuscript. So now should we just make this one paragraph versus three separate? You probably want to make it one document, one paragraph, but double spaced. Perfect, and then again, we're going to remember about the numbering on the side, too. So now get your results, and that will be right underneath that. So say you're writing a case report. Here's another interesting point. So you're going to write your case report, so you have your introduction. The case report would be in the place of the material methods you would write case report. Put your material methods, and then your results. You may, in your results section, that may be x-rays, or results of x-rays, results of labs, or whatever. Or you can just include them into the body of the case report, and then conclusion. Not yet, nothing, nothing. You can refer to those, because if you're going to have a graph, if you're going to have a table, reference it in the meat of the manuscript, because you'll be showing that later. Get it a little closer, a little closer. Get them all in. We want this to fall right underneath the introduction, so it's all one document. Yep, that's it. Just crunch it up quite a bit, get them up closer. Get rid of that, get rid of that. OK, you already put the discussion into it? Good. So that's the difference in a case report. And so your material methods and results turn into your case report. And then conclusions, it changes. So you have a discussion of the case, and that discussion should lead you to the importance of the case. Your last paragraph on the discussion is essentially the conclusion. And the conclusions are two to three sentences with ending with, this is the first case of. So that's how it should end. It should end with a hook. How are we doing, guys? Copy and pasted everything. All right, so again, you don't need the table. We will use that table later. We'll use that later. But you have to refer to the table somewhere in your text. Table one. And then I want you to, and then again, the results. So everything falls in line on the same paper, the introduction, the material methods, the results. Good. Yeah, you want to bring all that together, though. All together and not separate. This is the only place that you're not, yes, that's exactly right. Bring it all together. Get rid of that space. All right, so here we are. You've got the one page with your title page in your letter. And then you have this document, which is becoming the meat of your manuscript. And you're looking at it. Now we have your introduction, your material methods. You have your results. The next one in here is going to be the discussion. That's where you put things together. And then when you look at this, when you stand back and look at it, this is what a proper manuscript looks like. So in learning theory, this is the art of transfer. So I'm giving you a model to stick in your head. And you can transfer this information to other complex scenarios or other things with other contexts. So you're using this model. We're going to transfer everything you do from now on onto this model. Good. So let's get your discussion tapped in. And then we'll talk about the rest. Let's get to work on the discussion. All right, so when we're talking about discussion, what's important about every discussion, and you do this in your poster, every step, you've already visualized it. You've collected the data. You've collected the stuff from PubMed. And you've organized it in a way that you have walked everybody down to your conclusion. So the discussion might be three, four paragraphs. And then each one would sort of start with this model, that the art of throwing a ball through a hole been done for centuries. And everybody's enjoyed it. And we found that this is people gain experience. Paragraph two, and you'd have a reference. Paragraph two, there are a lot of models showing that the increased amount of time spent with practice gives you better accuracy. And then the last paragraph, then you can expand it up. But the last, then the conclusion, is that we have shown with our experiments that that is true. So we conclude this. So your last paragraph is sort of in conclusion of your discussion. So your discussion in conclusion, like that. So that's how it has to run. Very good, so results of discussions. You may want to put down in conclusion. Just say, in conclusion, done. Is that going to be conclusion? Yeah, that's what it is. We're not going to put a conclusion on it. So you've got sort of a conclusion paragraph. So you've said, in conclusion. So you put your discussion in, or case report, or case report and the discussion. And so remember, your case report. So in your case report, the discussion should be something on the first paragraph might be a general review of epiglottitis. The next might be a general view of the epidemiology of epiglottitis. The first paragraph might be on the bugs, and then the review of the epidemiology, how old people. And then the last paragraph might be the description of existing cases of elderly with this type of disease. And then your last paragraph might be, in conclusion, our manuscript documents the first ever reported case of this happening in an elderly patient, something like that. And that's the end of it. That's your manuscript. Discussion and conclusion, good. So sometimes, depending, you can either put your discussion in, and then at the very end, you melded the conclusion into the last paragraph of the discussion. So we conclude, or in conclusion, something like that. So, so far, the way it should look is this one large document with your introduction, your material method, your results, your discussion, last paragraph, in conclusion. And then that's the end of the document. Then we open up another document. So we're going to open up another Word document, and these will include your references. Now, chances are, in our study, we don't have very many references. But in your references, what I want, so I want you to, when you, your references are going to, how they're going to look are going to depend on journal type. So the journal will typically, in their instructions to the author, will show you examples of how to reference a PubMed article, will show you how to reference a book, might tell you how to reference a website. So they must be done just like that. So in general, it's a journal style. It's on a separate sheet of paper, although you made the references within your document. So if you look at some of these references and just go through it, usually it's the authors. So it's the first author, last name first, then first name last, comma, comma. And then you list the number of authors. And the journal will tell you whether they want only two authors at all or seven authors at all. Pay attention to that. Make it exactly the way the journal wants. If they only want five authors, make five authors. They want seven, put seven. And then usually after that, that's followed by a period and then the title. So your title then is written into that reference. And then that's followed by a period. And then that's then followed by the journal article. And you have to watch the journal article, how it's referenced, because it will be abbreviated. So look at places within the journal that you're submitting to to see how they abbreviate that journal. Maybe J, Allergy Clin Immunol, for the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. And then followed by a period, followed by the date. So it would be the date of the year. So 2011, March. The volume, 127, parentheses three, or maybe. And then the page from. And sometimes it's tricky in references. Well, they only want the first page number and not the last. So that can really ding you in the revisions. So make sure that they may want the references first to last page with a hyphen and with a period. Or they just want the page number, period. So make sure you look for those types of styles when you're writing them. So we won't do the references, but that is exactly another place. Figures. So now we have another document. This document are your figures. So your figures, whatever you're going to use, these are the pictures that you're using. So that might be a cup with a ball. That might be your throwing target. That might be your dice. That might be a CT scan. So that's where that picture goes with a legend underneath. So the figure, then you describe figure one, which is referenced in your manuscript. And then you put the idea of what this figure is telling, is saying. And be relatively brief. You don't want a paragraph. You want a sentence to two sentences describing what that figure is. So let's, something like this. So here's a figure. This is a demodex. So figure one, demodex, fallopian carium, a 0.3 millimeter transparent mite, typically found on the facial regions of humans, follicles, and sebaceous glands. So that type of thing. So that would be your figure. So let's open up a document. Let's get whatever figures you have. And then that'll be your figure document. Let's start working. Is that one document? That whole meat, that's the whole thing? You start with the numbering sequence again. Yeah. So the references should also be numbered? Another document, no. You don't need to document references, because you don't need line numbers to just reference one, two, three. And that's another document. So that's another word document. Then you make a folder. So you have a folder. And it says, throwing a ball through a hole with perfection. That's document 3-6-2017, whatever it is. And then in there is your title page, letter to the editor, and then your manuscript, your references, and everything's like that. So you cut and you send that to all the authors for their review. And for the figures, those folders that we have, that's part of figures? Yeah, that figure goes into the document, just like what she's developing here. And this would be figure 1. So whatever, it's not a table. The figure would be maybe a picture of that, of the toy. You'd go to the poster. So when you're writing, when you're putting your CV together, so it should look like that. It should look like abstract. Acceptance is one. This is the abstract. It was submitted to this meeting. And then down here, it would be poster presentation. Poster presentation, this is presented at that meeting, poster. Then your manuscript would be down there. So it looks much better on a CV. If you look at someone's CV, and they have as many abstracts as posters as manuscripts. If they have 20 abstracts and only two publications, what's that say? Yeah, so that's exactly what it says. You have your figures, and the figures are a separate document, right? OK, so put that figure 1 towards the end or beginning of that figure. So justify it to the left. The figure, the legend. Yes, so your figures. So all your figures could be in one document, and all your tables could be in one document. And they all have their separate legends. Now, some journals, interestingly enough, some journals like all their figures separately and legends on a separate page. So it's all different. So I like it. This is a good way. This is good practice. Again, this is transferral. And this is the way you're going to get this model and then utilize it in any other context. And then within the document, they should be on separate pages? So they shouldn't be. So these are not in the document. These are on their individual documents. Right, but if you have three tables, if you have three tables in one document, each table has its own page. Right, exactly right. So make it simple for them to understand. Have your figures, and your figure would be the CT scan. So you'd put that in there, and then you'd put the figure underneath. You'd put the legend right underneath. Sort of at the beginning of it. Right? So then if that's the only figure, it's just the CT scan, right? OK, good. Yeah, put it at the bottom. Well, I had this up here, but then I just. Yeah. I get you. Right, right. A lot of times it's easier just to put one per page. Oh, just like, yeah, one figure per page. Page, yeah, it's just easier. And for that, and that's just one separate document. All right, so, so far, again, we're going over this again. You've got your introduction methods, materials and methods. You've got your results, and then you've got your discussion, and then your figures, now your tables. So this is another document that is separate, and it is your table. So you would put your table of information, and then your legend underneath the table. So a little key thing. So both in the figure and in the legend, both in the figure and the table, your legend may point out what that table's saying. So like your first picture was the dice, that was your figure, and you'd say, these are the dice we've used, or this is the type of dice, this is that. So but if that was a figure that was a CAT scan, you would say, figure one shows a CT scan of the abdomen. Note this, or this is a CT scan of the neck. Note the goiter, or whatever you want to point out. So the figure is not just saying, here's a figure, or here's the table, or here's the table. And the legend would say, the table of the results of the experiment showing, just like when we did the oral presentation, this shows, showing. So what's it showing? Showing the data. And put the results of the data, what are you trying to say with that result, right, in that legend? So let's go ahead, and then that's on a separate page. Let's go ahead and cut and paste our tables, if we have them. So the legends, you put the legends correctly, and you explain the legend, saying this is what this table says. You never want something sitting there and saying, so what did that say? Visual representation of each data entry purpose. Showing. It's just like when you did the oral presentation. You put up a thing, and you have to say, this table shows. So is that specific to medical publications? I remember doing these for more of like the hard sciences. And the legends are just, this is what the table is. And then you're showing what it's showing is in the paper. So a lot of my scientific publications, for example, I wrote, I described FC alpha receptors. So I discovered, with my friend, FC alpha receptors on neutrophils and documented their presence on eosinophils. So we had figures, so SDS page gels showing. And we would write. I would write. And I published it in Journal of Immunology. And then you would have the figure. And I'd say, note the difference in the molecular weight of this band versus that band on eosinophils versus neutrophils. So I would try so that they could stand alone. So the figure, if they got lost, it could stand alone. And it would tell you, that's what I'm trying to tell you. So it works differently with every journal. And it probably works differently with every mentor. So everybody would want something different. But once you know this type, you can adjust. It's not a big adjustment just to do what you need to do. Very good, looks great. You have your figures. I saw your figures. And your table, so legend underneath. So exactly, I wasn't clear on that in terms of how we could create a legend when the table itself seems self-explanatory. Right, so to you. So when someone looks at it, so the table and the figure has to stand alone. So if they pulled that out of the paper and they looked at it, they said, what the heck? So this table shows, or this is a table of the results gathered in the experiments, in the experiments showing that it does help, or something like that. So it has to semi-stand alone. So we don't have to identify it or label it as the legend, right? Like we would just write a sentence describing the table? Yeah. And you would justify it against the left corner of the table. You would take this right here, cross, and then you'd say, table one, ratio of successful pitches out of five tossed, period. This table shows like that. OK, beautiful. And so table legend, so your legend, table one, the collected data from pitches, from your target, from whatever your toy was named, showing that adults are less efficient at this toy than. So the tables, usually tables and figures with their legends should be able to stand alone. Yeah. All right, so far you've got this wonderful manuscript going on, and you've got your tables and your figures done with their associated legends. And then what we really want to do next is to send this out. So this document's complete. This folder's complete. So you have what you need to do. I usually send this out to all the authors. Please read, tell me if there's any changes that need to be done. Give them a week. Tell them you have one week to review. If I don't hear you back in a week, I assume that there are no changes, and we move on because you wait forever. You wait forever. So just give them a week, move forward. And then what you want to do is go back to the website, and you want to submit. You want to make sure that there are sometimes some journals have separate forms for all the authors to sign. So these are giving up your copyright. These are conflict of interest signatures. So sometimes it's just a matter of the authors getting in and doing that, and sometimes it's a matter of printing out things off their website and having all the authors sign, and then you collect it up and then download it into the website. So then that's where you're at. And then you press and submit. So you're ready to go. There's very little. Most of the other stuff that's necessary is intuitive. So there may be on the website, do you want someone to review it, would you rather someone to review it, or who do you not want to review it? That's important. If you're somebody who doesn't like you or has a contrary idea to your data, you may not want him to review this. You may want the people who have like mind to review it. You may suggest these reviewers to the editors. So within that, it's intuitive. You'll be able to walk right through it. So you submit. I just mentioned, I have never gotten a manuscript back that said it was perfect. We love it. We'll take it right as is. Don't touch it. Don't do anything. Don't even send it back. We'll take care of everything. It's never happened. I've never had it. It always comes back with revisions. If it comes back with revisions, you're in great shape. They're ready to take it. They just need to make a revision. And here's where it really gets to be intricate. So in any revision, it always happens, you write another letter. You have to write another letter. So that another letter is really to the editor, thank you. Thank you so much. I can't believe that you are so gracious. I'm being too much, but so gracious to allow us to get a revision. And below are a point-by-point rebuttal or correction to the people or for the commentaries of the reviewers. And then that then ends that, and then you go on. So what you want to do is something like this. So when you get your review, it'll say, reviewers comment on your manuscript. So they'll say, reviewer one. And you will get, hopefully you'll get one, two, three, maybe four reviewers. And they'll each have a statement in there where they think you should correct or make it different. Terrific. Don't panic. So you want to take that, reviewer one, and you want to cut his exact words out of that letter and paste it on your rebuttal or your return letter. And then below in your response, you want to respond to it and say, we highly appreciate the reviewers' careful review of our manuscript. Thank you so much. You just don't want to tick them off. We agree with the comment. We agree. It's easier to agree. Now, if they're entirely wrong, go ahead and argue. But if there's any way you can agree with them, agree. Try to make this easy on all of us. We've added the references to our paper. So in this article, so we've added a letter. And so you tell them that we've corrected this. Yes, we've corrected what you told us to do. We've added a reference. We've corrected the abbreviation or whatever. And here's where we did it. We did it on page two, line 3839. You see why those numbers are important? So we've made those corrections. And then you want to have this entire document like that, reviewer one. Every sentence he says, you may want to break down reviewer one into line one, line two, line three, because he may have comments. You want to make sure you hit each one of them. Inevitably, in my experience, it has always made the manuscript better. It's always made the manuscript stronger. So I always go, make the changes that need to be done, and then go with those changes. And usually, it's something we've forgotten. We didn't look up a reference or it was a reference they spotted. Terrific. That'll make it good. So you want to make sure that goes well. And then you want to submit that back. And hopefully, as time goes on, maybe a week or two afterwards, they'll send you back a letter saying, we love it. We'll take it. And additionally, what also goes with this letter is a copier manuscript, yellow highlighted, where you've made those corrections. So not only mention it here, line and verse, but you also want it in the letter in another copy of the manuscript where this is highlighted and submitted in. Does everybody get that? This is a long route. And then at some point in your career, and when you have 60, 70 papers, it'll be worth it. But you will have taken the time in each one of those and labored just like you just did now. So that's the end of Scholar 4. So you have your manuscripts. You have your toolbox. Let's get them out there and get published. Thanks for being here.

academic manuscript

hypothesis development

data collection

journal submission

cover letter

manuscript formatting

poster presentation

oral presentation

publication process